#Tugas1 Structural Engineering: "The Tower of Burj Khalifa"
Burj Khalifa (Arabic: برج خليفة, "Khalifa Tower", pronounced English /ˈbɜrdʒ kəˈliːfə/), known as Burj Dubai before its inauguration, is a megatall skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. It is the tallest artificial structure in the world, standing at 829.8 m (2,722 ft).
Construction of Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with the exterior completed in 2009. The primary structure is reinforced concrete. The building opened in 2010, as part of the new development called Downtown Dubai. It is designed to be the centerpiece of large-scale, mixed-use development. The decision to build the building is reportedly based on the government's decision to diversify from an oil-based economy, and for Dubai to gain international recognition. The building was named in honor of the ruler of Abu Dhabi and president of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan; Abu Dhabi and the UAE government lent Dubai money to pay its debts. The building broke numerous height records.
Burj Khalifa was designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM), who also designed the Willis Tower and the One World Trade Center, with Hyder Consulting chosen to be the supervising engineer with NORR Group Consultants International Limited chosen to supervise the architecture of the project. The design of Burj Khalifa is derived from patterning systems embodied in Islamic architecture, incorporating cultural and historical elements particular to the region such as the spiral minaret. The Y-shaped plan is designed for residential and hotel usage. A buttressed core structural system is used to support the height of the building, and the cladding system is designed to withstand Dubai's summer temperatures. A total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators are installed, with the elevators having a capacity of 12 to 14 people per cabin.
Critical reception to Burj Khalifa has been generally positive, and the building received many awards. However, the labor issues during construction have been controversial, since the building was built primarily by workers from South Asia and East Asia, who earned low wages and were reportedly housed in poor conditions.
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What is the text above? The Burj Khalifa
Where is the Burj Khalifa? Dubai, United Arab Emirates
When did the building opened? The building opened in 2010
Who designed that building? The building was designed by Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill (SOM)
Why the construction have been controversial? Because workers earned low wages and were reportedly house in poor conditions
How many elevator and escalator are installed in Burj Khalifa? 57 elevators and 8 escalators
Translate to Indonesia:
Sebelum yang dikenal sebagai burj pengukuhan dubai , adalah sebuah megatall pencakar langit di dubai , emirat arab .Ini adalah yang tertinggi struktur buatan di dunia , berdiri di 829.8 m ( 2,722 kaki ) .Burj khalifa pembangunan dimulai pada 2004 , dengan eksterior selesai pada 2009 .Beton bertulang strukturnya seperti dasar .Gedung dibuka pada 2010 , sebagai bagian dari pembangunan yang baru disebut pusat kota dubai .Hal ini dirancang untuk menjadi pusat perhatian dari skala besar , pembangunan mixed-use .Mendirikan bangunan keputusan untuk dilaporkan berdasarkan keputusan pemerintah untuk diversifikasi dari sebuah ekonomi oil-based , dan untuk dubai untuk mendapatkan penghargaan secara internasional .Gedung itu yang diberi nama untuk menghormati penguasa abu dhabi dan presiden dari uni emirat arab , al nahyan khalifa bin zayed; abu dhabi dan pemerintah masa prapaskah dubai uang pea untuk melunasi utang .Gedung mematahkan banyak catatan tinggi .Burj khalifa dirancang oleh skidmore , owings dan merrill ( som ) , yang juga merancang gedung willis menara dan orang
Desain burj khalifa berasal dari sistem pola terkandung dalam arsitektur islam , memasukkan unsur budaya dan sejarah khususnya untuk daerah seperti spiral menara .Yang y-shaped ini dirancang untuk perumahan dan hotel penggunaan .Yang ditopang inti struktural sistem yang digunakan untuk mendukung ketinggian bangunan , dan cladding sistem dirancang untuk menahan dubai suhu panas .Sebanyak 57 lift dan escalators dipasang 8 , dengan lift memiliki kapasitas daya tampung 12 untuk 14 orang per kabin .Penting untuk penerimaan burj khalifa telah umumnya positif , bangunan dan menerima banyak penghargaan .Namun , tenaga kerja yang isu saat pembangunan telah menjadi kontroversi , sejak gedung itu dibangun utamanya oleh pekerja dari asia selatan dan asia timur , yang mendapat gaji yang rendah dan ditempatkan pada kondisi yang kurang layak.